Djokovic, who received a first-round bye, beat the Russian 7-6 (7-5) 6-2.
He had not played since 3 March, when he lost to Daniil Medvedev in the Dubai Tennis Championships semi-finals.
The Serb was not allowed to enter the United States for the Miami Open and Indian Wells Masters because of his Covid-19 vaccination status.
Djokovic, a 22-time Grand Slam champion, will face either qualifier Luca Nardi or 16th seed Lorenzo Musetti, both of Italy, in the last 16 on the Monaco clay.
“It was probably an ugly tennis win today,” said the two-time Monte Carlo winner.
“I haven’t played my best, particularly in the first set, but I kind of expected that to happen in a way with the conditions, a lot of wind today.
“All in all, I am pleased with the way I held my nerve in the important moments.”
Djokovic’s defeat by Medvedev in Dubai continues to be his only loss of 2023 so far.
However, British interest in Monte Carlo ended as both Dan Evans and Jack Draper were knocked out.
British number two Evans fell to a 2-6 6-2 6-3 first-round defeat by Belarusian Ilya Ivashka, while Draper was beaten 6-3 6-7 (3-7) 7-5 in the second round by Polish 10th seed Hubert Hurkacz.
Ivashka will play his brother-in-law, Russian ninth seed Karen Khachanov, in the second round, while Hurkacz will face either Argentina’s Diego Schwartzman or Italian seventh seed Jannik Sinner in the last 16.
Source – BBC Sport
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